Effects of Major Political and Social Movements on the Literary Works of 20th Century Essay Example For Students

Impacts of Major Political and Social Movements on the Literary Works of twentieth Century Essay Only 10 years back, the schedule changed from 1999 to 2000 and the occasion was set apart by euphoric festivals and firecrackers all through the world. TV stations communicated this fantastic occasion from everywhere throughout the world. Despite the fact that the year 2000 has a place with the twentieth century, none of us were really tried praising the turn on of the 21st century. Be that as it may, I don’t think a similar festival occurred when the schedule was turning on the absolute first day of twentieth century. Barely anybody had any thought on that day on what is going to unfurl in the coming hundred years. At that point the human progress saw the most memorable century of the whole history. It was a hundred years when human race watched the best of the creations that changed the way of life at an exceptionally quick pace. It was the century when different social and political philosophies were conceived, spread and passed on. The world saw two of the most destroying worldwide wars, which could have caused the finish of humankind. We saw the ascent and fall of super powers and we saw another sort of war that was not battled with the weapons. We saw the finish of expansionism and we saw the ascent of fear based oppression. The world economy experienced two of the best money related emergency. Purposely or accidentally, all these extraordinary occasions had huge impact on the lives of the worldwide residents. What's more, much the same as some other time, abstract works from this period was impacted greatly by the occasions of this incident century. A hundred years is certainly not a protracted period with regards to human progress. Yet, in these hundred years of twentieth century, there were unquestionably more noteworthy occasions or happenings than some other century. The century begins with the breakdown of government (Twentieth Centurys Triumphant Entry†) which was trailed by the falling of expansionism during the center of the century. The main portion of the century saw two extraordinary wars, World War I (914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945), and the Great Depression during the between war years (De 129). This is the century which saw the finish of imperialism at the most recent decade of its first half. This is additionally the decade when a bomb named ‘Little Boy’ annihilated the life of half million individuals in Hiroshima in less than 5 minutes (â€Å"Tale of Two Cites†). The second 50% of this century was managed by a war of nerves, known as the virus war (Thompson 7). The finish of the Second World War conceived an offspring of 2 political super powers, United States and the Soviet Union, who attempted to lead the post frontier period with their military quality and political impact. The virus war ruled the geological life for over 45 years and reached a conclusion with as the Soviet Union fallen inside in 1991 (Brown). Despite the fact that this century saw many significant wars, the century itself was not just about wars. The century likewise observed the progression on different fields, for example, medication, science and innovation. X-beams, anti-infection agents, preventative, penicillin, inoculation are simply to give some examples which had changed the universe of medication thus did the life of the individuals. Headway in the field of science and innovation was simply tremendous. From TV to PCs, from satellites to space carries the headway of science and innovation is found in each and every spot. Logical speculations, for example, the hypothesis of relativity radically changed the world perspective on the researcher. The motorization and robotization occurred on each division and as yet occurring even today. This is likewise the century when broad commu nications, media transmission and data innovation has made the world’s information all the more generally accessible. The media brought the world closer and as individuals see the battle of others, mindfulness began to develop on issues like human rights and an unnatural weather change. Aside from the incredible wars, clinical and logical progressions, twentieth century likewise observed the advancement of different new philosophical schools. Existentialism, post-structuralism, Marxism, woman's rights simply are a couple to name. Such new rational musings affected the religion, legislative issues and social qualities. Existentialism is commonly viewed as the philosophical and social development which holds that the beginning stage of philosophical reasoning must be the individual and the encounters of the individual (Coates). Such insightful qualities have solid compliance with numerous strict methods of reasoning. Marxism is a monetary and sociopolitical perspective and strategy for financial request focused upon a realist translation of history (Wolff, and Cullenberg 130) and was a motivation for the Russian Revolution of 1917 (Weber, and Vale 4). At that point there was the ascent of women's liberation, which implies â€Å"the radical thought that ladies are peo ple†, as indicated by British suffragist and columnist Rebecca West. The women's activist development was a social and political development that tried to build up uniformity for ladies and numerous scholars from the twentieth century mirrored this philosophy of equivalent right in their composition. The twentieth century has an incredible number of scholars whose works reflect both the time and the idea of life in this period. In any case, a critical idea is that the extraordinary scholarly works from this period didn't come uniquely from the American or British authors; it additionally originated from various piece of the world. The ascent of globalization has permitted European and American abstract plans to spread into non-Western societies reasonably quickly, so Asian and African writings can be incorporated into these divisions with just minor capabilities. Additionally, numerous local African or Asian authors either began writing in English or their incredible works were interpreted. Thus, the artistic assets get more extravagant by day and the impression of the individuals and their life from everywhere throughout the world become progressively noticeable in writing. Since twentieth century has seen a lot of extraordinary artistic works, just a bunch determination of fict ion is utilized in this paper. Every determination is interesting and has its own subject. In any case, all things considered they share a typical example, depiction of people than culture, and show the different impacts of socio-political elements of that time. Geosynchronous Orbits EssayFeminism is another marvel that has broadly impacted the authors of the twentieth century. In spite of the fact that the idea of woman's rights began to develop in the later piece of the nineteenth century, twentieth century is the period when it was set up as a hopeful development. Writing from this period began to take a progressively wise perception towards the ladies of the general public. Numerous scholars referenced the abuse and social foul play that ladies have been looking throughout the years. The creators likewise attempted to investigate the mental parts of ladies and how the encompassing male prevailing condition gets down to business their brain. D.H. Lawrence was maybe the most conspicuous essayist from the twentieth century who broke down lady brain research at an extraordinary profundity. In â€Å"Odour of Chrysanthemums† Lawrence demonstrated the change of a customary housewife who is not any more hesitant to confront the life much after she turns into a widow. Thus, Joyce likewise maintained this women's activist self-reliance approach by closure â€Å"Evelyn† which can be deciphered that Evelyn no longer needs to get distinguished by his dad or his to-be spouse. It is additionally prominent that not very numerous authors in the earlier century demonstrated the mental improvement of ladies in their composition. Yet, twentieth century scholars adopted an alternate strategy and a significant number of them really attempted to make a point that ladies are not simply intended to cook, clean or bear babies, they can think also. Morrison built up the character of Claudia in â€Å"The Bluest Sky† who attempts to make sense of not exactly how the life of another run of the mill dark lady moves, she additionally attempts to discover why they need to meet their â€Å"fate†. Aside from the above subjects, which are generally come about because of political and rational developments occurred in that period, twentieth century literary works likewise conveys certain characters that is unmistakable from the writing of different periods. The scholars attempted to concentrate on people, instead of society, how people are experiencing character emergency, how the cutting edge development is making void in human relationship and how the mental powers are getting down to business their conduct. Independence is an unmistakable component in twentieth century composing pattern. On the off chance that we glance back at the fiction scholars in the earlier century or much prior, we may see that they featured generally society and different social issues. People were only delegate of certain social fragments. They don't have their own individual measurement. Social issues like subjugation, bigotry and so forth were centered however the individual lives that are influenced by these powers, were scarcely getting any consideration. Be that as it may, this pattern changed in the twentieth century, when authors began to concentrate on the people. In the event that we investigate all the talked about writings identified with this paper, we will see each bit of composing address and organize the person than the general public. Regardless of whether be it Mrs. Elizabeth Bates, Evelyn or Tommy Wilhelm, they all speak to people. In this association it very well may be said a considerable lo t of the twentieth century scholars likewise composed on the lives of the individuals of white collar class, which has developed because of the industrialization and fast urbanization. twentieth century writing likewise takes the extraordinary enduring of character emergency of the person from practically all degree of the general public. From housewife to innate saint to present day stock intermediary, nearly everybody is in mission of their personality. Mrs. Bates looks for the importance of life as she becomes weary of being a decent spouse and mother. Evelyn isn't sure which course of life she ought to pick. Oknowo just thinks about manliness, not tied in with whatever else that should matter throughout everyday life. Maureen can't make sense of who she truly is regardless of her

Neologisms in film and Televison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Neologisms in film and Televison - Essay Example It is viewed as typical in kids yet a side effect of adjusted idea substance and demonstrative of a psychological instability (likely in the maniacal range, for example, schizophrenia) in grown-ups. [2] Usage of neologisms may likewise be identified with aphasia gained after mind harm, for example, from a cerebral vascular mishap or horrendous injury. In religious philosophy, a neologism is a moderately new principle (for instance, realism). In this sense, a neologist is a trailblazer in the zone of a precept or conviction framework, and is frequently viewed as shocking or rebellious by the standard church. Each nation has distinctive social profile and once in a while there are numerous societies winning simultaneously in one nation. [3] Neologism is more found in nations where the way of life is continually being changed.They are frequently made by joining existing words or by giving words new and one of a kind additions or prefixes. Neologisms regularly become acknowledged and can turn into the piece of the language. Different occasions, in any case, they vanish in a split second. There are sure figures included request to turn into a piece of a specific language. The most significant factor is of open acceptace. Acknowledgment by phonetic specialists and consolidation into word references likewise has an impact, as does whether the marvel portrayed by a neologism stays current, in this way proceeding to require a descriptor. This is very bizarre for a word to enter in like manner use on the off chance that it doesn't take after another word or words in a recognizable manner. At the point when a word or expression is not, at this point new, it is not, at this point a neologism. Neologisms may take a long time to become old, however. There are various feelings with respect to what extent a word can be considered under neologism? Various specialists have their diverse sentiment in respect however one thing is definate which is neologism subsequent to being a piece of certain language can't be considered as neologism any more. Acknowledgment of neologism in a

What are menus in WordPress (How to Edit, Add and Use Them)

What are menus in WordPress (How to Edit, Add and Use Them) .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on March 11, 2020If you’re wondering what menus are in WordPress, then you’ve come to the right place. In this step-by-step guide, I’ll answer the question what are menus in WordPress? and show you how to add them easily on your website.Also, well go into some other uses that you might not be aware of. For example, did you know that there’s an easy drag-and-drop menu interface that lets you create drop-down menus in WordPress? Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Table of Contents What are menus in WordPress?Types of menus in WordPressCreating a custom navigation menuArranging items in your custom menuCreating nested dropdown menusAdding categories to your menusAdding custom links to your menusEditing a menu itemRemoving a link from your menus Understanding theme locations for your menusAdding menus in sidebars and other widget-ready areasWhat are menus in WordPress?.You might also like: Best WordPress hosting Menus allow theme designers to let you, the user, create custom menus of your own. while the default menu will simply list current WordPress Pages.WordPress supports multiple menus, allowing themes to support more than one navigational area, some examples of which would be the header and footer menu.You can add pages, posts, and custom links to a menu using the drag-and-drop functionality. Also, for the more advanced user, you can add CSS classes to your menu items and change the appearance by adding custom styles. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Types of menus in WordPressThe built-in navigation menu system makes it easy for beginners to create and manage menus in WordPress. The location of the menus, however, may vary from theme to theme.Almost all WordPress theme these days come with at least one menu location. Some themes come with multiple menu locations in order to accommodate more complex WordPress sites.There are different types of menus in WordPress like simple menus, drop-down menus, mega menus (great menus but are ideal for large sites with a billion bytes of content), and footer menu. You can also create a menu for your personal blog, in which case usually categories and subcategories are added as the navigation.You can further include site navigation in the widget-ready area like the Sidebars in WordPress.Now that the question what are menus in WordPress? is cleared up, I’m going to show you how easily you can edit, add, and use these navigation menus in WordPress. Let’s get started!C reating a custom navigation menuTo create menus in WordPress, you need first to visit Appearance Menus from the admin area.Once you’re in the Edit Menus screen (divided into 2-column), the left column will have your categories, pages, and custom links tab, while the right column is where you’ll add and adjust your menu items. and add Custom Menu from the list of available widgets to your sidebar. What can you do with WordPress? What is a sidebar in WordPress?

Euthanasi The Act Of Ending - 989 Words

Alexandra Krizsan Mr. Rietema Christian Ethics December 19, 2014 Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of ending the life of a person who is suffering from an illness or an incurable condition. Across of the world, euthanasia is illegal, except of the Netherlands and Belgium where it has been legalized. In the United States, euthanasia is legal in three states-Oregon, Washington and Montana. Supporters of euthanasia contend it is a humane way for ill people to end their pain and suffering. They contend that everyone should have the right to end their lives. Opponents of euthanasia argue it is murder, and that it violates the Hippocratic Oath taken by doctors to do no harm. People contend that ill people should have the right to end their†¦show more content†¦Henk’s grandfather had contracted non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which would have naturally taken his life within a few years. He also had developed a painful thrombosis in his leg, so he asked the physician in the nursing home for help with the pain. Instead of providing pain medication, the doctor quietly ordered nurses to administer overdoses of morphine and withhold food and water. Rather than providing healing or comfort, and without consulting Grandfather Reitsema or his loved ones, this doctor ended the life of Grandfather Reitsema. Henk’s grandmother had not given any indication that it was okay for her husband to be euthanized. Henk explains, â€Å"One never would have imagined him not wanting to hold on to life. He respected the fact that God had given him life.† The Bible does not specifically mention the word â€Å"euthanasia† but it says Bible verses related to that. Exodus 20:13 says â€Å"You shall not murder.† â€Å"Then God said, â€Å"Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness... (Genesis 1:26). The Spirit of God has made me; the breath of the Almighty gives me life. (†­Job†¬ †­33†¬:†­4†¬ NIV). Job 14-5 â€Å"A person’s days are determined; you have decreed the number of his months and have set limits he cannot exceed.† In the book of Job, when Job is in great pain, his wife says to him â€Å"Do you still hold fast your integrity? Curse God and die!† But he said to her, â€Å"You speak as one of the foolish women speaks.

The Destruction Of The World Of Ancient Europe And David...

History serves a purpose. By extension, environmental or natural history, some would they are natural history is history, has a purpose. I believe that Paul Sutter articulated it best when he said environmental history should â€Å"lend value to the world in which they are entangled, both to narrate the past and to inform action in the present.† How one can accomplish this is a difficult question; William Cronan gives a good mechanism, when he says â€Å"environmental history is at least as important for the way it asks and answers questions - by analogy, metaphor, and parable and the search to discover their meanings - than for any specific problems it may actually solve.† In this way, Diana Davis’ Resurrecting the Granary of Rome: Environmental History and French Colonial Expansion in North Africa and David Blackbourn’s The Conquest of Nature: Water, Landscape, and the Making of Modern Germany best serve to educate about the past and to inform the presen t. Diana Davis shows her readers that the misappropriation and misuse of knowledge relating to the natural world were used to justify colonization and to declensionist policies, Diana Davis plainly says her purpose: to stop the use of the destructive declensionist narrative, â€Å"that postcolonial states have embraced† David Blackbourn on the other hand creates a timeline from the unification of Germany to the Nazis to his present day Germany and he connects multiple narratives to connect conquest of people to The Conquest of Nature,

A Fine Line Between Utilizing Natural Rights And Breaking...

Rachel P Wolverton Mrs. Cole Accelerated English II 16 October 2015 A Fine Line Between Utilizing Natural Rights and Breaking the Law Everyone is entitled to natural rights such as freedom of speech, freedom to protest, and freedom of beliefs or religion. However, these are personal, or private, rights, and are therefore limited in the work force. Once one brings these personal rights, more specifically freedom of religion, into the work force, they violate the separation of church and state. The separation of church and state is simply a law preventing government officials to serve with biased opinions based on personal beliefs. All government agents are expected to serve with an unbiased opinion, and it is difficult to do that if one†¦show more content†¦Kim Davis has sparked the interests of thousands all over the country, and even some all over the world. In getting everyone’s attention, Kim Davis has managed to stir up quite an argument as well. Although this dispute has gotten a bit messy, underneath the crossfire of conflicting opinions, there are the underlying truths of the story. Kim Davis is a citizen of the United States, and as a U.S. citizen, Davis’s personal beliefs, and the freedom to express them, are protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which states, â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (US Const. amend. I). Proponents of Davis argue that not only does she have the freedom to believe what she wants, but she has the freedom to express her beliefs as well. Though Kim Davis’s beliefs are protected by the First Amendment, the right for same-sex couples to marry is protected by section one of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states, â€Å" No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or imm unities of citizens

Health Inequalities between Maori & Non-Maori-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Treaty of Waitangi and its implication for health care delivery in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction: The Treaty of Waitangi is the New Zealands founding document, which is an agreement between Maori and British regarding reducing health inequalities between Maori and non-Maori. For all health practitioners entering into practice in New Zealand, it is necessary for them to be aware about the Treaty of Waitangi and applying all the principles in practice. This report presents detailed discussion about the Treaty of Waitangi and its implication for health care delivery in New Zealand. A brief history of the Treaty of Waitangi The treaty of Waitangi was signed on 6th February 1840 and took its name from the Bay of Islands where it was signed. The main reason for entering into the Treaty was certain changes in New Zealand in the late 1830s. In that period, many British migrants came to New Zealand for extended settlements and unruly behavior and atrocities became common. They gradually realized that annexing the country would secure their commercial operations. Due to this motive of British, violence and lawlessness became common and James Busby, the British resident could do little to control the situation. As other foreign powers also started taking an interest in New Zealand, the British engages in the activity of securing British sovereignty over New Zealand (New Zealand History, 2017).Hence, due to this reason, the Treaty was translated into Maori overnight and signed on 6th February. The four cornerstones of Maori health To promote health inequity between the Maori and other population, the Treaty of Waitangi proposed four corner stone of Maori health. It is a model for better understanding of Maori health and it consists of the following major components: Wh?nau(Family health): Understanding the family health component is important because family is a source that can both contribute to illness as well as assist in recovery from illness. Hence, link with ancestors and relationship with them in the past, present and the future can help to understand the cause of Maori health issues. Tinana (Physical health): This is the most important component for care which means understanding individuals physical growth and development. Hence, good physical health is one aspect of health and well-being and understanding elements that support Maori in physical health is necessary to reduce health inequity. Hinengaro (Mental health): To promote overall health and well-being, the mental health component is an important component as thoughts and feelings are integral aspect of body and soul. Understanding the feelings and emotions of Maori is necessary for proper care planning. Wairua (Spiritual health): Faith and spiritual aspects comprise the life force of certain individuals and analysis of spiritual health can help in analysis of physical manifestation of illness in individuals (Ministry of Health NZ, 2017). The three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi also emphasized on the three principles of partnership, participation and protection. It defines the relationship that the Government have with the Maoris. The principles are important to bridge the gap between the Maori and the English. The details about the three principles are as follows: Partnership: This principle defines working together with iwi, hapu, whanua (family) and Maori community to develop strategies for Maori health and involve them in decision making and curriculum development. Participation: It involves engaging Maori in health care sectors for planning and delivery of services. Protection: Protection is the role of Government to reduce health disparities between Maori and non-Maori and maintain equal health of all. It comprises safeguarding and protecting Maori in terms of cultural concept, value and practices (Ministry of Health NZ, 2017). A brief discussion of the implications the Treaty of Waitangi has on healthcare delivery in New Zealand The Treaty of Waitangi has many positive implications for the health care delivery in New Zealand. This can said because Maori is the main indigenous group living in New Zealand and their health status varies due to difference historical, social and political circumstances from that of non-Maori. Evidence has proved about the health disparities between Maoris and non-Maori, hence for health care profession, addressing disparities during delivery of care is most important (Reid, Taylor-Moore Varona, 2014). Hence, with the proper understanding about the four cornerstone of Maori health, health care professional can better understand the social determinants of health of Maori and understand the factors that contribute to health disparities in them. Therefore, health care professional can use the three principles to identify health promotion strategies in the context of people living in Aotearoa. It will enable realization of aspiration of Maori and incorporating their preference during delivery of health. It will also help staffs to provide safe and competent care to the people of New Zealand (Wepa, 2015).The treaty is highly linked to cultural safety and it informs regarding inherent components needed to achieve positive health outcome for Maori. Application of Treaty of Waitangi in physiotherapy practice If I am granted registration in New Zealand for physiotherapy practice, I will use the fours cornerstone of the Treaty of Waitangi as a guide to understand different socio-cultural factors that has an impact on Maori Health. Hence, while interacting with Maori people, my focus will be on proper communication with them to understand family health issues or spiritual or cultural factors that contributes to their health problems. I will also use the fours cornerstone to plan the proper way by which care and treatment can be delivered without any resistance from Maori (Cram, 2014). Maori are often found to stay away from health care service despite illness. I aim to use the Treaty of Waitangi to help them understand the importance of health care consultation in the early phase to prevent complications and morbidity. The document will be a useful guideline for me to promote health of Maori and encourage them to engage in health care decision making by education about the importance of hea lth and well-being for holistic development. The four corner stone will also support me in identifying the barrier to receiving physiotherapy for Maori and planning effective strategies to motivate Maori people to use the services. Conclusion: From the above report, the history and purpose of Treaty of Waitangi has been clearly understood. As a health care professional, proper understanding about the principles and models mentioned in the treaty will enable delivery of safe and competent care. As a physiotherapist, this knowledge will be useful in reducing health inequities and promoting Maori participation in health care delivery. References Cram, F. (2014). Improving M?ori access to health care: Research report.Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health NZ. (2017). M?ori health models Te Whare Tapa Wh?. Retrieved 16 December 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/maori-health-models/maori-health-models-te-whare-tapa-wha Ministry of Health NZ. (2017). Treaty of Waitangi principles. Retrieved 16 December 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/he-korowai-oranga/strengthening-he-korowai-oranga/treaty-waitangi-principles New Zealand History (2017).The Treaty in brief - The Treaty in brief | NZHistory, New Zealand history online. Nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 December 2017, from https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/treaty/the-treaty-in-brief Reid, J., Taylor-Moore, K., Varona, G. (2014). Towards a social-structural model for understanding current disparities in Maori health and well-being.Journal of Loss and Trauma,19(6), 514-536. Wepa, D. (Ed.). (2015).Cultural safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Cambridge University Press

Miracle of the Quran free essay sample

Three aspects of various languages Particularity of the Arabic There are various concepts of learned philologists, circulating among whole the world about the basic language of human being. It is appreciating that nearly every philologist has collected very important information in the field of philology. All these information only provide us with details of various languages, spoken by the human beings and their concern with each other. In this regard the names of Oto Jespersen, J. Venduryes and many other philologists are highly considerable. No doubt, these learned philologists has worked with full sincerity and pointed out many important aspects of the philology. But question of the basic, natural spoken language of whole the human being was still un-solved. Attention please, in this research, I am going to explain and prove the Arabic as the basic, natural and spoken language of whole the human beings, according to the Quranic education, because this fact was firstly eclared out by the Holy Quran about fourteen hundred years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Miracle of the Quran or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This fact has been stated by the Holy Quran in the various Quranic verses. The Meaning Aspect: The meaning aspect is the second different aspect of the human languages. It can explain in this way, that many words of different languages, having equal spoken sound, do not have the equal meanings mostly. So, this aspect is also different in various languages spoken by the human beings. 3. The Sounding or Natural Aspect The sounding aspect is only the common aspect of all the languages spoken by the uman beings, because every human being speaks according to the sounding system of the Arabic alphabetical letters. How is it possible? Although it is very easy and very simple, but first we are needed to identity the Arabic alphabetical letters, their sounds, their changeable shapes (moods) in the words and their vowel system to understand this hidden truth of the universe. For the above mentioned purpose, we shall first observe the five tables. In the 1st table actual writing shapes of the Arabic alphabetical letters, their names nd English alphabetical letters, having equal sounds to the Arabic letters, has been shown. In the 2nd table the changeable shapes of the Arabic alphabetical letters in the words, has been mentioned. While in the 3rd, 4th 5th table various sounds of the Arabic alphabetical letters followed by the different vowels of the Arabic and their roman pronunciation has also been shown. 1st Table This table shows the names natural shapes of the Arabic alphabetical letters and English alphabetical letters, which are equal in sounds to the Arabic alphabetical letters.

Multiple temperature Essay Example

Multiple temperature Essay Example Multiple temperature Essay Multiple temperature Essay By running fully operational 365 days a year, we would have a substantial advantage over our competitors who only runs warehouse operations from 9 am to 6 pm.  Multiple temperatures and huge space  At CCN, there multiple temperatures cold rooms to cater for all sorts of items that requires different temperatures. There are also space for dry items and etc.  Impact on organizations competitiveness  Innovative products and services  Wide range of products and services  Ability to change the timing or quantity of products and services. Measuring KPI for Flexibility  For flexibility, measuring KPI would be for:  the number of different product types CCN is able to cater  number of volume / quantity increase  timing of delivery  types of customers  COSTS  Costs play a major role in decision making at CCN. A single activity made possible will firstly involve the costs. The first question would be How much would that cost to make it possible? will be asked by the customer in order to allow CCN handle their products. Other costs would involve operational costs, handling costs, equipment costs and etc. Operations Strategies  Quality costs  As an operations manager, decisions must be made according to these five factors as it affects costs. High quality operations do not waste time or effort having to re-do things, thus making customers not influenced to do mistakes. By providing quality services, costs must also go down at the same time vice versa.  Speed significantly reduces overhead costs of administration as delays and complaints by customers can be eliminated. Fast operations in the warehouse reduces stock holding and inventories thus also cutting on rejected deliveries as orders will be delivered on time. Dependability costs  CCN can significantly reduce customers costs as being a reliable distributor for them. CCN can be relied on to deliver exactly as planned. This eliminates wasteful disruption and allows the other micro operations to operate efficiently.  Flexible operations at CCN can adapt to changing circumstances quickly and without disrupting the rest of the operation. For example, MAFC will not receive stock until after 8 pm at night, however, there are trucks already arriving at 10 pm which is 2 hours away. Operations at CCN will have to make do with in-transit stocks which by right operates better with buffer stocks however CCNs flexibility policy allows the operation to continue in order to fulfill orders for MAFC. Implementation  Implementations for costs are to be able to accommodate enough resources to actually fulfill the 5 objectives of operations management without wasting resources with over-spending.  Inside the operation, therefore, one important way to improve cost performance is to improve the performance of the other operations objectives.  Impact on organizations competitiveness  At CCN, we currently run on minimal costs as in my opinion as the Operations Manager at CCN, the utilization of resources up to the optimal level allows this to happen. We are allowed to be extremely competitive in the market as we are able to offer:- All customers are looking for the best service and cheapest solution to their warehousing issues. We at CCN are able to offer them just that by giving them what they require by being flexible as well.  Quality Services at Affordable Prices  With this motto as our company objective, we are able to keep the prices low on all fronts thus being able to beat our competitors if we were to go direct competition with them.  Measuring KPI for Costs. Measuring KPI based on costs:-  Operational Costs by quantity, duration, location  ii) Handling Costs by quantity, duration, location  CONCLUSION  A Brief summary  Operations Management plays an important role in determining the direction of an organisation. By researching each of the five management objectives, a conclusion can be made that a balance must be reached by the organisation in order to be able to satisfy customers needs and requests. The operations manager or the person who is in charge of warehouse operations plays an important figure in fully optimizing the resources available to him/her. A properly managed operations can indirectly and directly affect an organizations competitiveness and effectiveness in the eyes of competitors and also potential customers. At CCN, we try our best to accommodate and make each customer feel secure with their products when we are handling them. We also must show the clients that we can actually manage our resources accordingly in terms of quality level, speed in fulfilling orders, reliability by being consistent with our services, flexible with requests from customers and also cost management. With being all 5 fulfilling each others cause, operations will then be able to run smoothly and successfully. References Web Resources  1. Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, Robert Johnston (2008) Operations Management 4th Edition, http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_slack_opsman_4/17/4471/1144820.cw/index.html, Date accessed 25/02/2009.  2. C.Jarvis (2005) BOLA : Operations Strategy, bola.biz/operations/opstrat/, Date accessed 24/02/2009.  Books  Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, Christine Harland, Alan Harrison, Robert Johnston. (1998) Operations Management 2nd Edition, Great Britain: Pitman Publishing.

Qualitative analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Qualitative analysis - Assignment Example The research had a general question; how can we attract customers to the store more often, foster their loyalty to the store and encourage them to spend more in the store? The four specific research questions were addressed the above four specific objectives. The study was conducted using primary source of data. The data was obtained through oral interviews using interview schedules that were administered by trained interviewers. A sample of 60 respondents was done using a probability sampling technique – stratified random sampling technique. The stratification was done in terms of gender and age characteristics. The method gave six categories. Each category had ten interviews. The results from the study were presented in framework charts and the analysis done using code book technique. Data was collected using open ended interview schedule through face to face interview. The analysis of the data was done using framework charts and code book techniques. The response from each respondent was analysed and groped in to themes to come up with a coding scheme. The responses were then presented in a framework chart. The analysis could vividly show that there were various reasons why different individuals chose to use the Kingston Department Stores (KDS). The reasons ranged from factors related to human resource in the stores; the products they offer to the market; to the types and quality of the facilities they had put up to provide various services to the customers or the clients. From the study it came out that most of the shoppers said that their major reason for going to KDS was because there were a wide range of products under one roof and that the products offered were of high quality. For this reason, they were using the stores because they were able to buy a wide range of goods and services in a more convenient

An Analysis of Marketing Procedures Being Used By Leading Fast Food Literature review

An Analysis of Marketing Procedures Being Used By Leading Fast Food Franchises - Literature review Example sations are highly focused on executing exceptional marketing strategies concerning their diverse range of fast-food products to a large number of global consumers (Christian & Gereffi, 2010). Based in a similar context, Hooley Graham (2008) further observed that the emerging competition among the leading fast-food chain retailers has been a consequence of the extensive marketing activities performed by the global organisations. Moreover, the fast-food retail organisations have also exhibited a trend to incorporate different exceptional marketing strategies by promoting authentic as well as contemporary culinary innovation, cultural tastes, desires as well as demands of the local communities where they operate in the international context (Hooley Graham, 2008). In the similar context, Lichtenberg (2012) has also stated that the global fast-food industry has been playing a crucial role in channelising the effective of internationalisation in various economies, especially, the developi ng economies by accomplishing a rapid expansion in the various international markets. The organisations have also been implementing extensive expansion initiatives allowing franchises in different nations. The franchise units of the leading fast-food brands have been considerably focused on identifying the tastes and preferences of the local consumers executing effective strategies of delivering products to the customer as per their expectations (Lichtenberg, 2012). On the contrary, brands which are observed to be struggling in the global fast-food chain tend to focus extensively on the authentic culinary culture of the local community. These growing brands are also observed to be significantly influenced by the local or regional as well as state-level laws along with the socio-cultural... This essay approves that according to the present day context, the leading fast-food organisations tend to follow the emerging trend of global fast-food markets through executing various complex marketing strategies. The rapid expansion of the business units into different business locations is also a widely used marketing strategy for the global fast-food marketers. With this concern, the globally reputed fast-food chains have been focusing on increasing their business units through franchisees, in particular into different markets which has certainly enabled these brands to achieve larger market share as well as gain competitive advantages in the growing fast-food industry This report makes a conclusion that the demand for fast-food companies has substantially increased in the market segments worldwide where not only children but young people also are observed to decipher their incessantly increasing preferences for fast-food products. It is in this context that the increased demand for fast-food products has intensified the market competition among fast-food companies. In this perspective, fast-food companies are required to adopt enhanced marketing strategies with the objective of improving their performances substantially as well as to acquire a better competitive market position and thus obtain the benefits of sustainable growth. These marketing strategies shall also enable the struggling fast-food franchises in building better brand image within the targeted market segments and therefore obtain competitive benefits over its other existing rivals

Health Belief Model and Hypertension Treatment Compliance

Health Belief Model and Hypertension Treatment Compliance The health belief model and compliance with hypertension treatment Running title: Health Belief Model and Compliance in Hypertension Pauline E. Osamor and Olanike A. Ojelabi Pauline E. Osamor,  Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Olanike A. Ojelabi,  Worcester State University, Urban Studies Department, Worcester, MA 01605, USA Author contributions: Osamor PE, contributed to the conception and design of the study; all authors contributed to the writing and critical revision of the manuscript. Biostatistics statement: The study was designed, analysed and data interpreted by the authors. Data available in this manuscript did NOT involve a biostatistician. Conflict-of-interest statement: The author reports no conflicts of interest in this work. Data sharing statement: No additional data are available Abstract AIM: To explore the use of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in evaluating care seeking and treatment compliance among hypertensive adults in south-west, Nigeria. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain information from 440 hypertensive adults in an urban, low-socio-economic community, situated in south west Nigeria. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with a subset of the population. The relationship between treatment compliance and responses to questions that captured various components of the HBM was investigated using chi-square tests. Content analysis was used to analyze data from the FGD sessions and to provide context to the survey responses. Data entry and management was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. RESULTS: The components of the HBM reflecting Perceived Susceptibility components were significantly associated with treatment compliance. On the other hand, HBM Perceived Seriousness components were not significantly associated with compliance. The main HBM Perceived Benefit of Taking Action component that was prominent was the belief that hypertension could be cured by treatment, a theme that emerged from both the survey and the FGD. CONCLUSION: Use of the HBM as a framework is helpful in identifying perceptions and behaviors associated with hypertension treatment compliance. Key words: Health belief model; Compliance; Hypertension; Community-based; Nigeria Core tip: Hypertension is a major health problem in developing and developed countries, and treatment compliance for such chronic conditions is often poor. In this study, the Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to evaluate care seeking and treatment compliance among hypertensive adults. HBM proved to be a valuable framework to develop and modify public health interventions and also serves to improve treatment compliance and reduce the risk of complications. Osamor PE, Ojelabi OA. The health belief model and compliance with hypertension treatment. World J Hypertension 2017; INTRODUCTION Hypertension, otherwise known as high blood pressure, is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide[1]. The proportion of the global burden of disease attributable to hypertension has significantly increased from about 4.5 percent (nearly 1 billion adults) in 2000 to 7 percent in 2010[2-9]. This makes hypertension a major global public health challenge and the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria may form a substantial proportion of the total burden in Africa. This is because of the large population of the country currently estimated to be over 170 million[3,6,10]. In Nigeria, hypertension is the commonest non-communicable disease with over 4.3 million Nigerians above the age of 15 classified as being hypertensive using the erstwhile national guidelines (systolic BP > 160 mmHg and diastolic BP > 90 mmHg)[12-15]. Treatment of hypertension rests on a combination of lifestyle interventions and use of antihypertensive medication. However, poor compliance with treatment is often common in hypertension. Studies of treatment compliance have explored the role of various factors, including demographic and socio-behavioral features of patients, the type and source of therapeutic regimen, and the patient-provider relationship[16]. Yet, a common framework for evaluating such factors is often lacking. One such framework is the Health Belief Model (HBM),which has shown utility in evaluating compliance with antihypertensive medications[17-20]. Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an intrapersonal health behavior and psychological model. This model has been commonly applied to studying and promoting the uptake of health services and adoption of health behaviors[21]. Recently, a National Institutes of Health publication, Theory at a Glance, A Guide for Health Promotion Practices proposed that the HBM may be useful in the examination of inaction or noncompliance of persons with or at risk for heart disease and stroke[24], suggesting a natural fit for this study. The HBM is a value-expectancy model [17]. It attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and belief patterns of individuals and groups. The modelconsists of six dimensions: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and modifying factors. While the HBM has been criticized for overemphasizing the logical order and rationality of ones health behaviors[28], it is considered to be one of the most influential models in the history of health promotion practice[29], and has shown usefulness in predicting health behaviors among population with or at risk for developing cardiovascular disease. With respect to care-seeking and treatment compliance, a hypertensive patients ability to see a physician and comply to medical treatment regimen is a function of a various factors. These include patients personal knowledge, benefit and perceptions, modifying factors, and cues to action[30]. Therefore, the goal of this study is to explore the use of the HBM as a framework for evaluating care-seeking and treatment compliance in hypertension in south-west Nigeria. Rationale Uncontrolled hypertension is caused by non-adherence to the antihypertensive medication, patients understanding their drug regimens and the necessity to adhere to this regimen will help to improve their adherence, thus help prevent the complications of hypertension that are debilitating and if not prevented can increase the burden of a disease that is already on the increase[31]. Knowledge and beliefs about hypertension have been frequently examined in efforts to better understand the disparities in blood pressure control[33,34]. Relatively few studies, however, have attempted to identify individual factors associated with the adoption of hypertension control behaviors using a health behavior model as the theoretical framework. Thus, this study aims to explore the use of the HBM- an intrapersonal health behavior and psychological model in evaluating care seeking and treatment compliance among hypertensive adults in south west Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban, low-socio-economic community in Nigeria. Most of the residents belong to the Yoruba ethnic group and the dominant religion is Islam. The health facilities in the community include an outreach clinic run by the Department of Preventive Medicine and Primary Care of the University of Ibadan, four private clinics and a small dental clinic. Other sources of health care in the community include Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) and three traditional healing homes. The study site was selected for three specific reasons: Firstly, the community has been the site of previous research studies where people were screened and therefore know of their hypertension status. Secondly, a community study approach (instead of a clinic-based approach) was chosen because selecting participants from a clinic or hospital will only select those who are attending clinic or complying, thereby introducing a selection bias and thirdly, the commun ity has a variety of sources of healthcare located within the community, implying that residents have options when seeking healthcare. The study is a community-based cross-sectional study which enrolled hypertensive adults (age 25 years and above) in the community. It utilized both the survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to collect primary data from the respondents. The participants for this study were selected from a list of known hypertensive adults residing in the community that was developed from a previous hypertension study[35] and updated for the present study during home visits. Four hundred and forty (440) hypertensive subjects were enrolled using a consecutive sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, subjects were administered a semi-structured questionnaire that had items on several issues, including knowledge on causes, prevention and severity of hypertension, healthcare seeking for hypertension, their beliefs and perception about hypertension and compliance with treatment including keeping clinic follow-up appointments and regularly taking their antihypertensive medications. Eight FGDs were conducted, each with 6-8 discussants. The dimensions of the HBM were operationalized as described in table 1, where each dimension was framed as a series of questions, which were asked in the survey and/or discussed as a topic in the FGD. Data entry and management was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0[36]. Univariate analyses were employed in interpreting socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, while a bivariate analysis was used in cross tabulating variables. The transcription of the qualitative data was carried out immediately after each FGD session. This was essential since the memory of the interviewer/note taker was still fresh and it was easier to reconcile written notes and the interview transcripts. Content analysis was used to analyze data from FGD sessions. RESULTS Socio-demographic characteristics A total of 440 (including 287 women) respondents were studied. The ages of respondents ranged from 25 to 90 years, with a mean of 60 (SD 12) years. Most (71%) of the respondents were married and 61.4%, Muslims. Slightly over half of the respondents (51.1%) had no formal education. About half (50%) of the respondents were traders, while those who have retired and not working constituted 25.7%. Prevalence of compliance with clinic visits and taking medication The prevalence of self-reported compliance with clinic appointments was 77.5% and that of good compliance with treatment was 50.7% of respondents. 41.5% reported poor treatment compliance at different levels ranging from regularly missing taking their medication to fairly regularly, sometimes and rarely taking their medication. Perceived Susceptibility to hypertension In response to being asked what they understood by the disease hypertension, most respondents defined hypertension as an illness of anxiety and stress (60.9%). Nearly one in twelve (7.3%) said they did not know what hypertension meant. A few of the respondents (4.1%) believed that hypertension means too much blood in the body, thereby causing tension in the blood. Roughly two percent of respondents said hypertension was in everybodys blood. A quote from one of the FGDs is illustrative: Hypertension is in everybodys body and blood. When we exert undue stress on our body, think too much and do a lot of wahala (stressful things), hypertension will start. This statement clearly articulates the notion that everyone is predisposed to hypertension but the condition only becomes apparent or manifests itself when the person experiences a lot of stress. This could either mean that everyone is predisposed to having hypertension or that hypertension is hereditary. Perceived Severity of hypertension A large proportion 89.8% of the respondents knew that hypertension could lead to other serious health problems or complications. Only 1.1% did not affirm that it will lead to serious problem, while 9.1% did not know if hypertension could lead to other health problems. Other health problems that could result from hypertension mentioned by respondents include: stroke (47.5%); death (25.5%); severe headache (5.2%) and heart attack (5.0%). In the FGD sessions conducted, respondents were asked if they perceived hypertension to be a serious health problem. The general response was that hypertension is a serious health problem. One of the FGD discussants summed it this way: Hypertension is a very serious sickness. It is not sickness we should take lightly. It can lead to quick death. One of my younger brothers who worked in the bank had hypertension. He suffered attacked from hypertension while in the office and before they got to the hospital, he died. Hypertension kills fast. But it has drugs that can control it and if one is not taking the drugs regularly, it will cause serious problem. A fifty-two years old woman used her personal experience to buttress the magnitude of hypertension. She stated that: This sickness they call hypertension is a very serious sickness. I was not taking any drugs because I did not have money to buy it and I was not worried because I was not feeling sick. In 2003, I was sick just for a week and before I knew what was happening I could not walk or move my body. I was rushed to the hospital and they told me my blood pressure was very high. I was in the hospital for almost a month and my children spent a lot of money. I am better now, but am still using walking stick because the hypertension made my body stiff. I am taking my medication always now so that I do not die quickly because it can kill. The general perception of the respondents and focus group discussants on the complications from hypertension is that hypertension itself is a very serious health problem and that any complications arising from it could be very severe. Perceived benefit of treatment compliance Nearly three quarters (73.2%) of the respondents believed that hypertension could be cured with treatment. Most (72.0%) of the respondents reported that it is not good to wait until one feels sick before taking antihypertensive medication and the reason given by a large proportion (30%) of these respondents is that taking medication regularly will prevent reoccurrence of hypertension. Despite the fact that respondents believe they needed to take medication as prescribed (and not only when they are sick), only a relatively small proportion (a little above 50%) of the respondents did take their medication as prescribed. Perceived barriers to complying with treatment Among the respondents, 41.5% had poor compliance at different levels ranging from regularly missing taking their medication to fairly regularly, sometimes and rarely taking their medication. Of these respondents who were non-compliant with their medication, 11.4% said they felt better and therefore had no need to continue taking their medication. Only 0.5% said they were tired of taking drugs, while 6.8% stopped because of lack of funds to purchase drugs. Other factors included side effects of drugs (6.1%), forgetfulness (8.4%), busy schedule and limited medication (3.6%). A major theme from the survey and FGDs is that respondents were apprehensive of the long term effects from antihypertensive medication and the possibility of being stuck with it for the rest of ones life or the medication causing other illness or complications. Negative feelings were elicited in some cases, as antihypertensive drugs were perceived as being damaging or not good for the body. The FGDs highlighted fac tors that hindered good compliance to treatment despite the general acceptance of the necessity to take antihypertensive medications. One of the discussant said: I do not take my medicine every day. People do not always follow what doctor say. It is not only for hypertension, even for other sickness. If they say take medicine for five days, once we feel better by thethird day, the person will stop. Even the doctors themselves, will they swallow medicine every day? A discussant in another session stated: Let me tell you the truth it is not easy to be taking drugs every day. Sometimes, we forget especially when you are rushing to go out. Sometimes we do not have the money to buy it. Another respondent added details about what often happens as a result of the financial obstacles: That is what we have all been trying to say. Money is the major problem. In the hospital, they will ask you to pay for ordinary card, before you see the doctor. When they write drugs for you there is no money to buy all. If you do not have money and you go to a private hospital, they will not even attend to you. That is why some people prefer to just go to chemist and buy what they can afford and some others prefer traditional medicine because you do not have to drink it every day and it is less expensive. Cues to action An important source of cues to action includes the individuals cultural conditioning of available treatment options. In this study family and friends were a major source of cues to action. Overall, 19.3% of respondents reported that family members were very concerned about their hypertension while 74.8% said family members were extremely concerned about their hypertension. Also, 20.2% and 73.2% respectively reported that family members were very helpful or extremely helpful in reminding them about taking their medication. Regarding support from friends, 26.4% of respondents reported that friends were very concerned about their hypertension while 28.9% said friends were extremely concerned about their hypertension. Out of the 440 respondents, 91 and 150 (20.7% and 34.1%) respectively reported that friends were very helpful or extremely helpful in reminding them about taking their medication (Figure 1). DISCUSSION Hypertension is a condition of sustained high blood pressure which can only be confirmed after blood pressure measurements that meet the criteria for the condition. The cause of hypertension is not known in most cases[1] hence the term essential hypertension. In the present study, hypertension is perceived primarily as an illness of anxiety and stress. This finding is consistent with a previous study of hypertension in Nigeria[38] which revealed that over 60% of their respondents irrespective of the educational background believe that psychosocial stress is the main cause of hypertension. Similarly, Koslowsky et al[39] found that stress and tension were most commonly stated as causes of hypertension. Majority (more 90%) in this study believe hypertension is a serious condition and two-thirds (66%) believe that hypertension can be prevented. Contrary to findings and reports from previous studies[38,40,41], nearly three-quarters (73%) of respondents in the present study believe that hy pertension is curable. Almost half of the respondents claim good compliance with respect to drug treatment and 86% claim good compliance with keeping their doctors appointment. Reasons for compliance to treatment include fear of the complications of hypertension and the desire to control blood pressure. Benson and Britten[42] reported that patients comply with medication regimen for a variety of reasons including perceived benefits of medication; fear of complications associated with hypertension and feeling better on medication. The latter reason is contrary to the generally held belief among physicians that hypertension is a largely asymptomatic disease[43]. One central theme that runs through the data in this study is the issue of socio-economic status of the respondents. This suggests the importance of considering other variables that can help form individuals perception including health care costs and some sort of lay consultation that takes place before they resolve to take a recommended health action[27]. Financial hardship is a barrier which should not be ignored as it is a contributory factor to noncompliance. This finding corroborates the observed association between poor compliance, ignorance and lack of funds for purchase of drugs[44]. Failure of patients to keep scheduled appointments is an important obstacle to the provision of effective healthcare. By missing appointments, individuals deprive themselves of professional services. Interestingly, 77.5% of the respondents in this study claim they comply with keeping their follow up clinic appointments every time. Several studies have investigated HBM and appointment-keeping for chronic disease management. Nelson et al[20] and also Landers et al[45] found HBM variables to be unrelated to keeping clinic appointments for hypertension. Social support networks are important in the long-term management of chronic conditions such as hypertension, which require a radical and life-long change in the lifestyle of the affected person. In this study, those who had support from friends or family members (concerned about their illness, giving reminders about medication) showed better treatment compliance than those who did not, although this difference was greatest for those that had the support of friends. This is an important finding and is consistent with what has been reported for multiple chronic diseases in several parts of the world[46]. A summary of the major findings in this study in the context of interpreting compliance using the significant components of the HBM shown in Figure 1 suggests that HBM Perceived Susceptibility components tested were significant predictors of compliance. On the other hand, HBM Perceived Seriousness components were not significantly associated with compliance. The main HBM Perceived Benefit of Taking Action component that was prominent in this study is the belief that hypertension can be cured. This is a recurring theme in all the components of the study (survey and FGD) and most respondents believed that taking the medication for some time led to a cure and one could stop taking medication. This finding agrees with studies of Kamran et al[47], which showed a relationship between HBM constructs and treatment compliance. The constructs that were significantly showing relationship in their study were perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit of using the medicine and perceived barrier to treatment. This has major personal and public health implications because hypertension can only be controlled (not cured) and stopping medication can lead to complications. More importantly, it highlights the discrepancy between healthcare providers and their patients in the perceived goal of treatment since the former are working towards control while the latter believe compliance can lead to cure. Most of the HBM Barriers to Taking Action components emerged during the FGD sessions. These barriers are practical issues that loom large and prevent the patients from making optimum use of the hospitals and medications that are available. In other words, the option of a university teaching hospital is available but is not accessible because of costs and inconvenience. Similarly, known medications that work well in hypertension are available but the costs are too high for the patients to comply with the prescriptions as written. It is noteworthy that believing that one can stop taking the medication after some time can also serve as a barrier to compliance because the individual now believes there is no need for more medication. Another major finding from this study is that HBM Cues to Action are extremely important in predicting compliance with hypertension treatment in this community. These cues are centered on patients having family members and/or friends who are concerned about the individuals health and treatment. This finding is important because, as noted by Harrison et al[48] in a meta-analysis, cues are often not included in Health Belief Model studies. Indeed, these authors limited their review to articles to the four major components of the HBM (susceptibility, severity, benefits and costs) because in their words: Cues to action have received so little attention in empirical studies that we excluded this dimension. However, the findings of this study shows that cues are an important dimension in these types of study. While the specific cues that are important may vary between locations, cultures, and environments, they emphasize the social context in which health behavior takes place. As expected, attending clinic regularly is an important predictor of compliance in the present study. It provides an opportunity for multiple cues that can improve compliance, including blood pressure checks, discussing actions to control blood pressure, and reminders to take medication. CONCLUSION Components of the HBM show variation in association with treatment compliance for hypertension in this Nigerian community. The findings provide useful baseline data for future studies of the Health Belief Model in hypertension and other chronic conditions in similar societies. Strength and limitations of the study Strengths of this study include: the use of both survey and FGD methods; inclusion of a large set of variables and focus on the components of the HBM to a non-communicable disease (hypertension) in a developing country context. A potential limitation is that the study did not formally investigate the modifying factors dimension of the HBM. Nonetheless, the findings provide clues to care-seeking and compliance issues, while suggesting potential intervention points (e.g. breaking the cost barrier, including social networks in treatment plans) that could be further studied and tested. Ethical Approval Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Joint University of Ibadan /University College Hospital Ethical Committee. Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to the study participants and community leaders of Idikan community, Ibadan. The input of Dr. Bernard Owumi and Dr. Patricia Awa Taiwo of the Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, is hereby acknowledged.    REFERENCES 1Mukhopadhyay, B. Detecting and preventing hypertension in remote areas. Ind. J Med Ethics 2006; 3(4): 124-5 2 Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. The Lancet. 2012; 380(9859): 2224-60 [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8] 3 Adeloye D, Basquill C, Aderemi AV, Thompson JY, Obi FA. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2015; 33: 230-242 [PMID: 25380154 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000413] 4 Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Alleyne G, Horton R, Li L, Lincoln P, et al. UN high-level meeting on non-communicable diseases: addressing four questions. The Lancet 2011; 378: 449-455 [PMID: 21665266 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60879-9] 5 Alwan A, Armstrong T, Bettcher D, Branca F, Chisholm D, et al. Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010. WHO 2011: Available online: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf 6 Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. The Lancet 2012; 380(9859):2095-128[DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0] 7 Whitworth JA. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J. Hypertens 2003; 21(11): 1983-92 [PMID: 14597836] 8 Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289(19): 2560-72 [PMID: 12748199] 9 Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet 2005; 365(9455): 217-23 [PMID: 15652604] 10 WHO Regional Committee for Africa. Cardiovascular diseases in the African region: current situation and perspectives-report of the regional director 2005. Maputo, Mozambique: The WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFR/RC55/12). Available online: http://www.afro.who.int/en/fifty-fifth-session.html 11 Mocumbi AO. Lack of focus on cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 2012; 2(1): 74-7 [PMID: 24282699 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2012.01.03] 12 Kadiri S. Management of hypertension with special emphasis on Nigeria. Arch Ibadan Med 1999; 1: 19-21 13 Akinkugbe OO. Current epidemiology of hypertension in Nigeria. Arch. Ibadan Med 2003; 1: 3-5 14 Iyalomhe GBS, Omogbai EKI, Ozolua RI. Electrolyte profiles in Nigerian patients with essential hypertension. Afric. J. Biotech 2008; 7(10): 1404-1408 15 Ike SO. Prevalence of hypertension and its complications among medical admissions at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria (Study 2). Niger J Med 2009; 18(1): 68-72 [PMID: 19485152] 16 Haynes RB, Taylor DW, Sackett DL, (1979). Compliance in health care. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD. 17 Becker MH, Maimon LA. Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with health and medical care recommendations. Med. Care 1975; 13(1): 10-24 [PMID: 1089182] 18 Rosenstock IM. (1990). The health belief model: explaining health behavior through expec

Nature and Love in the Poetry of Dafydd ap Gwilym :: Poetry

Nature and Love in the Poetry of Dafydd ap Gwilym Essay is 1550 words in length Dafydd ap Gwilym has been acclaimed as the greatest poet of the Welsh language. As Rachel Bromwhich commented, Dafydd’s life "coincided miraculously in both time and place with an unprecedented opportunity to mate the new with the old" (Brom 112). Perhaps "mate" is a more appropriate choice of words here than Rachel intended. As his poetry depicts, Dafydd tried to mate a great many things in his time; the man is immortalized as a ball of raging hormones. A self-proclaimed "Ovid’s man," Dafydd took pleasure in identifying himself with the authoritative source of courtly love, a fresh trend in Wales during his life (Summer 29). Love, specifically courtly love, was among the new themes Dafydd merged with the traditional themes like nature. Even the ancient topic of nature, under Dafydd’s molding, took on new forms. Dafydd personified elements of nature to be his trusted messengers in poems such as "The Seagull." In the "Holly Grove," nature is subtly described a s a fortress or protector of sorts. Variations of these elements of secret, protected, and secluded love mesh with images of nature throughout Dafydd’s poetry. However, nature seems to be much more than a confidant or mere factor in his search for love; Dafydd’s poems such as "Secret Love" suggest that nature is essential in this endeavor. Though Dafydd’s attempts at love are not limited to the natural realm, poems such as "Trouble in a Tavern" make it evident that only in the natural setting is Dafydd a successful lover. Elements in the poetry of courtly love express the need for a love affair to remain secret. The object of a poet’s love in these poems is typically a married woman, or unattainable by some other means. Andreas Capellanus’s The Rules of Courtly Love captures this element of forbidden love by saying, "marriage (was) no real excuse for not loving" (Cap 115-116). As Patrick Ford wisely pointed out, the need to maintain secrecy in a forbidden affair is not a new idea to modern readers. These elements of courtly love do not escape Dafydd’s poetry. His poem "Secret Love," among others, emphasizes the level of secrecy necessary in maintaining a love affair. Dafydd considers himself a learned lover, who found that "The best form of the words that work / Is to speak love in secrecy" (Sec 1-2).

Liberal Education as a Livingstone

During a time when unemployment is at its lowest since World War II, one would think that finding a job would be easy. However, at this point in time, applicants for jobs are more qualified than ever. The competition for well-paid jobs is stiff, and in order to get ahead people need not only skill in one certain area, but a general intelligence of many subjects as well. A liberal education provides the general knowledge that gives job applicants an extra edge when applying for a job. With a base of knowledge in the liberal arts and a specialization in a certain area, people prove to be beneficial to employers. Throughout this paper, I will use the term â€Å"liberal education† not only in describing subjects like English, history, philosophy etc. , but as Livingstone describes a liberal education: an education which â€Å"aims at producing as perfect and complete a human being as may be. † In using the term â€Å"liberal education† I expect that all graduates of a liberal arts college have an expertise in rhetoric, as the art of speaking and writing well is a key focus in the curriculum. I will also use the â€Å"specialized education† in reference to Livingstone†s definition: an education â€Å"which aims at earning a living or making money†. Undergraduates pursuing a liberal undergraduate education have an advantage over people with a specialized undergraduate education because liberal education provides a greater versatility in terms of a broader base of knowledge so that finding a job and excelling in different areas is easier. Training in art of rhetoric, which today is defined as the art of speaking and writing effectively, is a valuable asset for job hunters. Specialized undergraduate curriculums focus less on rhetoric than liberal arts curriculums. A person with training in rhetoric would be hired over another applicant due to their expertise in communicating ideas effectively through speech and writing. Companies aim to employ intelligent people who can express themselves wisely and eloquently because in nearly every profession, writing well and persuading others to one†s opinion is essential: scientists have to apply for grants in order to fund their research and experiments; businessmen must present proposals and of course, columnists and authors who have not mastered the skill of rhetoric are less likely to find a job and be successful in terms of status and salary. Ability to express oneself clearly and effectively designates to what level one may raise in the corporate ladder, for people with refined writing skills benefit companies to a large extent, while people with less skill in writing have less influence, and therefore less power. People with a liberal education are skilled in multiple areas and therefore can be of more benefit to employers. Rather than a specialized study in one area, a liberal education provides students with a broad range of knowledge that attracts employers. As Virtruvius says, liberal education teaches the student the connection between different disciplines. Knowing and realizing the relationship between subjects, an employee can perform a greater number of tasks and learn new ones more rapidly thus being more valuable to a company. Should a man lose his job due to it becoming extinct or other reasons, a liberal education would provide a better cushion to fall back on because of the diversity of subjects studied. For example, if a court stenographer loses his job due to a new audio technology that records and word-processes court proceedings, he would not have to, in a sense, start over for lack of knowledge in other areas. Utilizing his knowledge in rhetoric, philosophy, history, and other humanities, he could find another job without going back to school. On the other hand, the opposition would report that a liberal education would not benefit many people because a curriculum based on the humanities repels many students. Rather than take courses that disinterest them, students should specialize in subjects they enjoy. One should not waste money on an education that does not focus on one†s interests; an education that does not stimulate the student is a failed education. In order to make the most out of undergraduate years, the students should study what interests them. In rebuttal, a liberal education does not suit every personality or preference. However, in the job market, having a liberal undergraduate education and a specialized graduate education gives people an advantage, for not only are they trained specially in their specific area, but they also have a general knowledge of the liberal arts. Students interested in areas such as technology and sciences should take classes that interest them. However, in addition to the sciences courses, rhetoric classes would prove beneficial even in a scientific line of study. Every occupation entails writing in some way, and sharpening one†s writing skills only reaps more benefits when searching for a job. Many people interested in the sciences and technologies specialize during their undergraduate years, and therefore miss out on training in rhetoric. Specialists who take classes to improve writing are better-prepared and more likely for find a job. Another argument of the opposition: people who start specializing during undergraduate years are better prepared for graduate school. They master and excel in one specific area of study. Whereas, it would take someone with a general undergraduate education a longer time to master a specific area of study because of the attention spent on a broad education during undergraduate years. Instead of spending thousands of dollars on a general education, students could use the four years to specialize in the field that they enjoy. A liberal education may prove beneficial for students who are unsure about their major, but focused students should not waste their time on general education. Students who know what they want to focus on should specialize their education in order to expedite their college time and either start a masters degree or start their careers. It may take longer for a generally trained undergraduate to specialize in a certain area, but then again, if they are trained in understanding the connection between different areas of study, they may be able to pick up different subjects more quickly. There are really two issues here to refute. First, when studying, why is everything such a rush? People are in a hurry to enter the job force rather than to take their time during their schooling. I suppose the answer to the question is money. While people are in school they pay thousands of dollars and receive very little back in comparison. Once they start working they can begin the payback period. Sadly, those who enter the workforce first do win in the sense that they can start paying back their debt, while the people still in school keep accumulating debt. Second, even if people with a liberal arts education enter the workforce at the same time, they are not at a disadvantage in terms of knowledge capability as the previous argument concludes. In fact, liberal arts undergraduates may be at a slight advantage in terms of useful knowledge. For example, two applicants for a job have both had the same graduate education but one (person 1) had been trained in the liberal arts during undergraduate years, and the other (person 2) had specialized earlier. Assuming the two candidates preformed equally in gradate school, which may not be a fair assumption due to person 2†³s past knowledge and previous study, however, for argument†s sake, assume both were successful in graduate school. An employer would choose person 1 because of the liberal arts background on top of the specialized graduate schooling. An employer would know that people with a liberal arts background are not only intelligent in their specific line of study, but also understand the connection between disciplines, and would choose the person with the broad base of education. In discussing liberal arts training, one assumes that every student who graduates has a well-developed knowledge of all the subjects a liberal education offers. However, it is not fair to assume that every student attending a liberal arts undergraduate school explores each subject extensively and excels in every class. Many students take advantage of the time they spend in undergraduate school by partying on weeknights and coming to class so tired that they cannot concentrate on the lesson, or even worse, they skip class all together. This careless behavior towards schooling hurts not only the students† understanding of the material, but their grades as well. It is time that all upperclassmen graduate with honors rather than just slide by. The effect on the community and world would be astounding. Thousands of great minds graduate from college every year and become success stories like Bill Gates. Imagine every college student intellectually on par with the smartest graduate. Our world would be a different place. That is the place to which we should strive, and we have reached out goal when everyone achieves individual excellence.

How Stressful Life Experiences Affect A Child s Emotional...

This annotated bibliography covers six journal, reports and articles associated with the subject of how stressful life experiences can affect a child’s emotional development, what role the schools play in a child’s emotional development and how there is a need for the Department of Education to commission a sector body to develop a framework of core content for initial teacher training (ITT), which should include child and adolescent development. A child’s emotional development is a complex, multifaceted process and one which many interaction partners play a role. To teach effectively, trainee teachers need to understand child development expectations at different stages of development together with issues that can have an impact on the child’s progress. The research literature has accentuated the association between stressful experiences and psychological dysfunction in children and evidence has been found which suggests that there is a need for continuity across Initial teacher training institutes. ITT should be an environment for new teachers to learn from the best teachers, introducing them to essential skills, knowledge and understanding that all teachers require in order to continuously improve the opportunities and outcomes of young people. The authors of this study compared the judgements of trainee teachers with the responses of young children regarding their perceptions of student stress. The study compiled questions such as: Does teaching experience have anShow MoreRelatedHow Does Poverty Affect Education?1036 Words   |  5 PagesBoisvert Taylor Boisvert Mrs. Spoor English 11 April 17, 2017 Poverty Research Paper Research Question: How does poverty affect Education? 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